Photoelectric Intelligent Dry Separation 

Please see below information 

Coal preparation is a key process in coal processing, which eliminates the gangues and impurities from the raw coal.

At present, the main coal preparation process is divided into water washing method and dry separation method. Based on the differences of basic physical and chemical properties such as different density and surface hydrophobicity of coal and gangue, the separation of coal and gangue is realized. 

 

The distributing system is a distributing device that evenly distributes raw coal on the conveying belt. The distributing system is composed of feeding groove, vibrating screen and conveyor belt buffer section, which spreads out the coal evenly and prevents superposition so as to scan and image the material by X-ray. 

1.Photoelectric Intelligent Identification

• Dual energy X-ray detector collects density difference signals;

• The signal visible ray array sensor can collect surface texture

  information and reflectance anisotropy features;

• The information fusion training adopts deep learning algorithm

  to identify coal and gangue impurities, and the recognition

  results are output to the actuator.

2. Sorting Execution System

• The electromagnetic valve is used to control the high-pressure

gas for gas separation of coal or gangue, and sorts coal&gangue by gas. 

Photoelectric intelligent dry coal preparation machine is a kind of dry coal preparation equipment based on advanced imaging and artificial intelligence technology. 

Using the material characteristics obtained by the X-ray imaging system, the coal and gangue can be automatically analyzed and identified, and the high pressure wind can be controlled to spray the target, so as to realize automatic raw coal separation. 

Equipment System Flow Chart 

Flow chart of underground gangue discharging equipment of photoelectric intelligent dry coal separator 

Download - Introduction 

 

The 4th Industrial Revolution: How Mining Companies Are Using AI, Machine Learning And Robots

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In an industry such as mining where improving efficiency and productivity is crucial to profitability, even small improvements in yields, speed and efficiency can make an extraordinary impact. Mining companies basically produce interchangeable commodities. The mining industry employs a modest amount of individuals—just 670,000 Americans are employed in the quarrying, mining and extraction sector—but it indirectly impacts nearly every other industry since it provides the raw materials for virtually every other aspect of the economy. It's already been 10 years since the British/Australian mining company Rio Tinto began to use fully autonomous haul trucks, but they haven’t stopped there. Here are just a few ways Rio Tinto and other mining companies are preparing for the 4th industrial revolutions by creating intelligent mining operations.     

Rio Tinto’s operations include 16 mines, 1,500km of rail, three ports and more, and it creates 2.4 terabytes of data every minute from all of its mobile equipment and sensors that collect and transmit data in real-time to help monitor equipment. Rio Tinto’s former CEO Sam Walsh, when speaking at the Gartner Data & Analytics Summit, explained how the company has successfully integrated these multiple mines into an integrated processing and logistics system controlled by operators not located at the physical site.

Mineral exploration

Artificial intelligence and machine learning can help mining companies find minerals to extract, a critical component of any smart mining operation. Although this is a fairly new application of AI and machine learning, many mining companies are excited about the prospect. Goldspot Discoveries Inc. Is a company that aims to make finding gold more of a science than art by using machine learning. Similarly, Goldcorp and IBM Watson are collaborating to use artificial intelligence to review all the geological info available to find better drilling locations for gold in Canada. These efforts to be more precise when finding areas to mine by using machine learning can help the mining industry be more profitable.

Autonomous vehicles and drillers

While many of us have been focused on the progress Uber, Google and Tesla have made with autonomous vehicles many people don’t realise that Rio Tinto had already been using autonomous haul trucks that can carry 350 tonnes and operate totally independently since 2008. These trucks have impacted the company’s bottom line by reducing fuel use by 13 percent and are safer to operate. While arguably the challenges of autonomous driving in a quarry aren’t as daunting—the trucks move slow, they don’t have to worry about pedestrians—it’s still a notable accomplishment. This year, the company’s long-haul autonomous rail system will go live and is the next step in developing the Mine of the Future. With 244 cars, the autonomous train has been in development for five years, but will make its debut by the end of the year after some software and communication glitches have been worked out.

In addition, Rio Tinto has used autonomous loaders and drilling systems for several years. Just as with other autonomous applications, the company asserts the innovation has improved productivity by 10 percent.   

Sorting minerals

In the majority of mining operations, a much larger volume of materials needs to be removed to find the valuable materials they are mining for. Inevitably, separating the useless rocks and debris to get to what you're mining for tends to be an expensive endeavour. Some companies have begun to use smart sorting machines that can sort the mined material based on whatever criteria a company wants. This work can lead to savings in fuel and energy during processing.

Digital twinning

As part of making the pit-to-port operations as intelligent as possible, Rio Tinto is creating an intelligent mine that should deliver its first ore by 2021. There are more than 100 innovations the company is evaluating, but one initiative called digital twinning, first created by NASA, is now being adopted by many in the industrial sector. By creating a virtual model that is fed real-time data from the field, scenarios can be quickly tested, and operations and production can be optimised. This ability to test out decisions before they are implemented in a replica system leads to better outcomes and savings.

Safety and maintenance

Thanks to Internet of Things technology and sensors, mining equipment can be monitored and maintained before breakdowns occur. Sensors can monitor temperature, speed, and vibration on machines to take action transforming preventative maintenance into predictive maintenance. By assessing real-time data and analytics, mining operations can be safer for all involved.

This adoption of this new tech requires reskilling the mine workers, and Rio Tinto is already taking steps by partnering with the Australian government and a vocational training provider to help fill the gap. Collectively, they will spend $2 million to up-skill potential and existing workers to handle tasks in analytics, IT and robotics.

                    100 Innovations in the Mining Industry

ORE PROCESSING: Free Download    Innovation Book

Modular Plant - 67 page

Ore Grinding Monitoring - 66 page
Sonar Flowmeter - 64 page
Underground 

Preconcentration  - 65 page

A BRIEF HISTORY OF MINING INNOVATIONS Industrial innovation was born largely from the mining sector, and history is full of noteworthy examples. Environmental regulations can be traced back to Spain’s Almadén mercury mine in the seventeenth century. Not long after, Thomas Newcomen designed the first steam engine in the early eighteenth century to draw water from tin mines in Cornwall. Setting out to improve the limited effectiveness of Newcomen’s pump, James Watt, a technician at the University of Glasgow, invented the condensation chamber, thereby making a fortune with his friend Matthew Boulton. In 1784, the two associates patented the steam locomotive to move mined ore, and when the first locomotives hit the market twenty years later, they quickly left the underground coal mines for a breath of fresh air! Boulton and Watt’s mining invention was even used to automate the manufacture of textiles and thus revolutionize the clothing industry. The safety lamp made its debut in 1815, only slightly before the North American mining booms for copper in Michigan (1840–1843) and for gold in California (1848) and Colorado (1858). In 1867, Alfred Nobel invented dynamite, which also found an early application in the world of mining! The expanding market for metals at the beginning of the twentieth century required new production and processing methods, paving the way for advances in the field of metallurgy. Electrolytic processes to refine aluminum and, later, copper were perfected just twenty years after the advent of Gramme’s dynamo; these processes are still in use today to purify metals. Flotation, the most effective method of separating minerals from the gangue, or the barren parts of mined ore, emerged in Broken Hill, Australia, in 1903, and rapidly spread throughout the world.

Mining techniques are the Formula- One race cars of the industry: devised for a difficult and competitive world, they are at the cutting edge of new ideas and represent the testing ground for larger-scale applications.

 

FlOTATION  REAGENT SYSTEMS

Flotation Reagent System

The reagent scheme employed in a small flotation concentrator should be as simple as possible consistent with metallurgical goals. The utilization of a multiplicity of reagents having the same function is to be scrupulously avoided. Methods of reagent preparation and associated equipment, or the lack thereof, can have a profound influence upon the success or failure of the facility.

If possible, reagents should be added from a centralised position in the plant. If head tanks are used, the overflow must proceed back to the tank of origin. By this means, solution strengths can be corrected by re-circulation. Screens for the removal of oversized materials should be included at appropriate points in the system. Reagents which are staged to flotation are usually added by means of a cup and disc feeder located at the appropriate position along the flotation bank. 

Spillage of reagents will occur and the system must be designed to allow for such spillage. Usually the spill is collected in a tray and directed to a strap from which large quantities of spilled reagents may be reclaimed. Usually, the small amount of material which normally collects in this sump will be intermittently discarded to tailings.

Brief comments relative to the preparation and feeding of various reagents are as follows:

pH Modifiers

a. Lime – Calcium hydroxide, usually applied as a water-lime slurry known as milk-of-lime, is the most important flotation pH modifier. In developed areas, pebble lime is usually available. This material is converted to milk-of-lime by means of a lime slaker or small grinding mill operated in closed circuit with a classifier. In underdeveloped areas, the lime sources may be extremely variable. In some cases, the only lime available may be pulverized slaked lime of relatively low calcium oxide availability usually packaged in 50 kilogram bags. The average percent calcium oxide availability and the type of calcined lime which can be acquired locally should be determined prior to the design of the lime preparation system. In some cases it is best to design a dual system which can handle either pebble or bagged lime. The prepared lime product is usually stored in an agitated vessel and delivered to appropriate, addition points in the circuit by means of a circulation loop which commences and terminates at the milk-of-lime storage vessel. The design of a functional milk-of-lime feeding system can be difficult. Usually, milk-of-lime is withdrawn from the loop header by means of air operated pinch valves located in close proximity to the loop line. Valves are opened and closed by an air pulse generated by a solenoid operated valve which in turn is driven by a percent-of-cycle timer.

b. Sulfuric Acid – In certain flotation concentrators, sulfuric acid is used to decrease the flotation pulp pH. In remote areas, the acid may be of doubtful quality. Consequently, fiberglass reinforced plastic or opoxy lined storage tanks should be considered for acid storage. In addition, if precise pH adjustment is required, concentrated acid must be diluted to avoid wide swings in pH as the reagent is added to the pulp. Acid resistant dilution tanks should be supplied and acid resistant piping and valving must be included under these circumstances. The transfer of acid from one location to another should be accomplished by low pressure compress air.

Frother

Frothers are usually added undiluted and required only an appropriate cup and disc reagent feeder attached directly to the reagent shipping drum.

Collectors

Mineral collector reagents are manufactured in several forms including those which can be used as full strength liquids and those which must be dissolved or diluted. Reagents which can be fed directly are usually added in a fashion similar to that employed for frothers. For other reagents, dilution or dissolution tanks coupled with constant head tanks are usually provided. These reagents are added to the flotation circuit in dilute form through percent-of-cycle timers and solenoid valves (similar to the milk-of-lime system) or through rotometers.

Activators and Depressants

Chemicals which are used to activate or depress minerals are usually added as acqueous solutions. Consequently, dilution or dissolution tanks with associated head tanks must be provided. It should be noted that certain depressants tend to be corrosive to mild steel. Therefore, appropriate coatings for reagent tankage must be specified.

Flocculants and Filter Acids

These reagents are only sparingly used in small concentrators and are normally added as aqueous solutions.

 

MINERAL PROCESSING PLANTS - GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, ZINC, LEAD, ETC, ORE

https://www.911metallurgist.com/equipment/base-metal-ore-gold-processing-plants/

Бөмбөлөгт Тээрмийн тооцоо, сонголт хийх загвар

How to size a Ball Mill- Design Calculator and Formula

ДАРААХ ХОЛБООСООР ОРЖ ТООЦООГОО ХИЙНЭ ҮҮ.

Grinding Mill Sizing Parameters

https://www.911metallurgist.com/blog/how-to-size-a-ball-mill-design-calculator-formula

TOP 10: Mining Innovations to Look Forward To

10.) Automated tunnel borers

The concept of automated tunnel borers isn’t new. Since 2012, Rio Tinto has been working with the Centre of Excellence in Mining Innovation (CEMI) to build shafts and tunnels at a faster rate as part of Rio’s Mine of the Future initiative. Together, the two have designed a new tunnel boring system that is currently being implemented at Rio’s Northparkes Mine in Australia.

The future of autonomous boring is anticipated to be seen regularly in coming years.

9.) Ore processing

In addition to eco-friendlier ways, the mining industry is pushing for newer and more improved methods for ore processing. One new process, which has the potential to be maximized across the mining sector, is Copper NuWave™.

Designed and implemented by Rio Tinto, the technology maximizes mineral recovery while reducing waste. It also has the ability to cut water and energy consumption. The company is currently testing the technology at its Kennecott Utah Copper mine in the U.S.

8.) Simulation technology

The use of mining equipment simulator systems is on the rise in recent months as companies utilize the innovative technology to train operators. The use of simulation technology has a wealth of advantages including aiding in recruitment processes, improvements in productivity and reaction times in emergency situations.

Within the next few years, the use of mining simulation technology could very well be utilized across the mining spectrum.

7.) Revitalized excavators

One of the more anticipated innovations for the mining industry is the revitalization of excavators. Companies like Volvo and Doosan are helping to make the excavator of the future bigger, smarter, safer and more powerful. Together, the two have designed some of the most futuristic concepts that could very well come to fruition in the next few years. 

6.) Automated rail system

Rio Tinto is already working on commissioning the world’s first automated, long distance, heavy haul rail network for the mining industry, but it won’t be the last. The benefits of an automated rail system include enhanced safety and efficiency as mining companies can rely on the innovative technology to safely and securely transport minerals to their required destinations. 

5.) X-ray diffraction equipment

     

Already being utilized by a small group of mining companies, including diamond miner ALROSA, x-ray diffraction equipment is on path to become a global necessity. The equipment, which is currently used in diamond recovery, is an important method for the identification of phases in raw materials, for process control during ore beneficiation, and for the quality control of final mineral product. 

4.) 3D Mapping

3D mapping is another technological advancement that is expected to make a big splash in the mining industry within the next few years. Companies like Rio Tinto, which has already implemented the software at its West Angelas mine in Western Australia, are using the innovative technology for their advantage to improving the way they dig up commodities as well as cut cost.

3.) Alternative energy

Utilizing alternative energy is something most industries are working to implement on a larger scale. The mining sector is no different.

Harmony Gold has been on the forefront of using alternative energy, most notably solar. The company is working to use mine-impact land and tailings to pilot biocrop procreating in the form of giant king grass and sugar beets to generate natural gas as a fossil fuel substitute. The initiative could lead to more companies utilizing innovative sources for alternative energy.

2.) Safety equipment

Safety equipment in the mining industry has progress considerably in the last decade. As the sector moves towards automation, companies are implementing more advanced technology to secure employees remain as safe as possible.

At this year’s NSW Minerals Council Health and Safety Innovation award ceremony, the top honor for innovation went to Centennial Coal for their Fit-for-Purpose Underground Boot. The mining boot is designed to provide ankle support and sole stability, comfort and full prevention of water ingress.

Another safety innovation that has the potential to sweep the industry is SmartCap. The technology, which works to combat fatigue, utilizes sensors on the wearer’s forehead to monitor signs of fatigue and assess their level of alertness.

1.) Autonomous mine site infrastructure

The number one mining innovation set to turn the industry upside down is autonomous mine site infrastructure.

Rio Tinto, which is the first company to envision the idea, has already launched initiatives towards its Mine of the Future. The three main components of mining include drilling, haulage trucks and long distance railway systems. Rio Tinto is working to automate all three in unison with operations. The system, which is set to be controlled by one main operational facility, will allow miners, ports and rail systems to be operated from a single location.

           MINING INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM

The CMIC business ecosystem model is based on successful models in other industries including software engineering, microelectronics, defense, and pharmaceuticals.

The open innovation ecosystem business model is unique in the natural resources industry. We rely heavily on involvement, participation, and funding from multiple organizations across the supply chain. Participants include academia, startups and SME’s to research, technology and innovation organizations and mining companies across Canada.

This approach reduces duplication of effort, leverages existing assets (e.g., expertise, knowledge, technology, intellectual property, resources), and focuses on industry challenges. The reliance on many volunteers means significant executive oversight, thought leadership, and program/project management are spread across multiple organizations.

Are you part of the mining innovation ecosystem? Find out how to become involved!

Технологийн процессийг хянах үзүүлэлт

Баяжуулах үйлдвэрийн технологийн процессийг зайлшгүй хянах шаардлагатай үзүүлэлтүүд нь тухайн ашигт малтмалыг баяжуулж буй арга болон технологийн схемээр тодорхойлогдоно. Хянах үзүүлэлт хамгийн олонтой нь флотацын аргаар баяжуулах үйлдвэр юм. Технологийн процессийг хянах үзүүлэлтүүдийг  үндсэн ба туслах гэж 2 хувааж авч үздэг. 

Үндсэн үзүүлэлтүүд:

1.        Хүдэр болон баяжуулалтын бүтээгдэхүүний ширхгийн (гранулометрийн) бүрдэл: Ширхгийн бүрдлээр бутлах, нунтаглах, ангилах аппаратуудын ажиллагааны  үр ашгийг үнэлж, эрдсийн сулралын зэргийг тодорхойлно. Шүүх процессийн үр ашиг нь үндсэндээ шүүгдэж буй материалын  ширхгийн  бүрдлээс хамаардаг. 

2.        Хүдэр ба баяжуулалтын бүтээгдэхүүнүүд дэх металлын агуулга, нүүрсний үнслэг: Баяжуулах технологийн дамжлага тус бүрийн үр  ашгийг үнэлэх, эцсийн бүтээгдэхүүн дэх металлын агуулга, үнслэгийн хэмжээгээр  таваарын балансыг тооцдог.

3.        Хүдэр ба баяжмалын чийглэг: Хүдэр ба баяжмалын хуурай цэвэр жинг тогтоох, бутлуур, шигшүүрийн ашигт ажиллагааг үнэлэх зэрэгт хэрэглэдэг. Мөн баяжмалыг хорголжлох (тодорхой хэмжээгээр бөөнцөглөх) дамжлагад онцгой үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг. 

4.        Ионы найрлага: Булингад флотацын урвалжууд чөлөөт ионууд болон шилжих задрал, эрдсүүдийн гадаргуугийн химийн шинж чанар, тэдгээрийн хоорондын харилцан үйлчлэлийн нөлөөллийг тогтоодог.

5.        Булингын хатуулаг: Тоног төхөөрөмжийн бүтээмж (хүчин чадал), технологийн үндсэн үзүүлэлтүүдэд нөлөөлнө. Хүдэр болон баяжуулалтын бүтээгдэхүүний чийглэг,  технологийн процессийн шат дамжлага дахь булингын нягт зэргээр ус-зайлдасны схемийг тооцож, тоног төхөөрөмж, аппаратуудын ачаалал, флотацын хугацаа, бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн гарц зэргийг хянадаг.

6.        Хүдрийн ба баяжуулалтын бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн эрдсийн найрлага: Эрдсүүдийн сулрал, ургалын шинж чанар, бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн бохирдлын хэмжээ, ашигт бүрдлийн сан, ашигт эрдэс хаягдсан  шалтгааныг тодруулах судалгаанд ашигладаг.  

7.        Флотацын урвалжуудын концентраци: Ашигт эрдсүүдийн металл авалт, баяжмалын чанар, хам баяжмалыг салгах үр ашиг зэрэгт нөлөөлнө. Урвалжийн зарцуулалтыг бодоход ашигладаг. 

8.        Булингын температур: Эрдсийн гадаргад бэхлэгдсэн цуглуулагч урвалжийг салгах   (десорбци), хоосон чулуулгийг дарах, хам баяжмалыг салгах зэргээр флотацад шууд нөлөөлдөг. Муу уусдаг урвалжуудыг хэрэглэх үед булингын температурыг нэмэгдүүлэх шаардлага гардаг. Шеелитийн бохир баяжмалын эрдсийн бүхэллэгийн гадаргаас цуглуулагчийг салгах, хоосон чулуулгийг гүйцээх флотацын өмнө дарах,  хам баяжмалыг салгах зэрэгт халуун уур хэрэглэдэг. 

9.        Булингын агааржуулалт: Эрдсийн металл авалт, флотацын машины хүчин чадалд онцгой нөлөөлнө. Флотацын машин бүрд, камер бүрд булингын агааржуулалтыг харьцангуй тогтмол байлгах ёстой тул үе үе шалгах шаардлагатай.

10.    Хүдэр, баяжмал, булингын зарцуулалт: Технологийн тодорхой дамжлага, хэсгийн багаж төхөөрөмжийн хүчин чадлыг тохируулах, хянах, таваарын баланс тооцооход хэрэглэдэг. 

Туслах үзүүлэлтүүд:

1.        Бүнхэрийн материалаар дүүргэлт: Бутлуур, шигшүүрийг хэт ачаалалд орохоос хамгаалах, бүнхэрийн дүүргэлт, хоосролтоос урьдчилан сэргийлэх, мөн металлын баланс  тооцох зэрэгт хэрэглэдэг. 

2.        Суулга дахь булингын буюу шингэний түвшин: Суулгыг халиахгүй, доторхи материалын түвшинг зохистой хэмжээнд барих  зориулалтаар хэмжинэ.

3.        Дамжуулах хоолой дахь хий шингэний даралт: Технологийн процессийн жигд явц, тоног төхөөрөмжүүдийн хэвийн ажиллагааг хянах зорилгоор хэмжинэ.

4.        Шүүлтүүр ба өтгөрүүлэгчийн халианы хатуугийн агуулга: Маш жижиг бүхэллэгтэй   баяжмалыг хаягдахаас сэргийлж,  эргэлтийн усны цэвэр байдлыг хянахад хэрэглэнэ.

5.        Машины ажилласан цаг ба сул зогсолт: Машин механизмуудын хөдөлгөөний коэффициентийг тогтоох, тоног төхөөрөмжийн ашигт ажиллагааны түвшинг тогтооход хэрэглэнэ.

6.        Уусмал ба усны зарцуулалт: булингын нягттай (хатуугийн агуулга) хамт хэмжигдэх ба багаж төхөөрөмжийн хүчин чадал, 1т хүдэр баяжуулахад зарцуулсан ус ба алдагдсан уусмалын хэмжээ зэргийг тодорхойлоход ашиглана.

7.        Суспензийн зуурамтгай чанар: Гравитацын аргаар хүнд орчинд баяжуулалт явуулахад хянадаг.

8.        Агаарын тоосжилт: Ажиллагсдын ажлын байрны эрүүл ахуйг хангах үүднээс хянадаг.